01355836 Дар Черкес Б. С.

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Introduction.....7
CHAPTER 1. The role and position of building materials in architecture and design.....9
1.1. Building materials in the history of architecture and design.....9
1.2. Evolution of building materials in the context of the history of architecture and building systems.....14
References.....25
CHAPTER 2. Classification and methods of standardization of building materials.....26
2.1. General classification of building materials.....26
2.2. Modern understanding of the structure and composition of building materials.....28
2.3. The principles of standardization of building materials (unification and typification).....31
References.....33
CHAPTER 3. The basic properties of building materials.....34
3.1. Physical properties.....34
3.2. Mechanical properties.....36
3.3. Operational (special) properties.....38
3.4. Aesthetic properties.....43
References.....44
CHAPTER 4. Natural stone materials.....45
4.1. Features of the formation and characteristics of major rocks.....45
4.2. Natural stone products.....61
4.3. Natural stone in the design of architectural environment.....66
4.3.1. Landscaping.....66
4.3.2. Exterior design.....71
4.3.3. Interior design.....77
4.4. General description of natural stone and stone products.....80
References.....81
CHAPTER 5. Ceramic materials and products.....82
5.1. General information about ceramic materials. Classification and methods of decorating.....82
5.2. Methods and types of decoration for ceramic materials.....86
5.3. Ceramic products.....88
5.4. Ceramic materials and products in the design of architectural environment.....99
5.4.1. Landscaping.....99
5.4.2. Exterior design.....104
5.4.3. Interior design.....111
5.5. The generalized characterization of ceramic materials.....118
References.....119
CHAPTER 6. Glass and other materials of mineral melts.....121
6.1. Classification of mineral melts materials. Ways of processing and decoration of glass.....123
6.2. The main types of construction and decorative glass. Special purpose products from mineral melts.....126
6.3. Materials and products of glass in the design of architectural environment 145
6.3.1. Landscaping.....145
6.3.2. Exterior design.....151
6.3.3. Interior design.....160
6.4. General characteristic of glass and products based on it.....169
References.....170
CHAPTER 7. Metal materials.....172
7.1. General characteristics of metals. Classification of cast irons, carbon steels and non-ferrous metals and alloys.....173
7.2. Main properties of metals. Types of decorating of metal materials.....175
7.3. Products from steel and non-ferrous metals.....178
7.4. Metal products and constructions in the design of architectural environment.....184
7.4.1. Landscaping.....185
7.4.2. Exterior design.....193
7.4.3. Interior design.....201
7.5. General characteristic of metallic materials and products.....207
References.....208
CHAPTER 8. Mineral (inorganic) binders, mortars and concretes.....209
8.1. Classification and general characteristics of mineral (inorganic) binders.....213
8.2. Mortars and dry mixes. Concrete: composition, structure, properties.....219
8.3. Reinforced concrete products and structures.....240
8.4. Concrete and mortar mixtures in the design of architectural environment.....250
8.4.1. Landscaping.....250
8.4.2. Exterior design.....257
8.4.3. Interior design.....263
8.5. Generalized characteristic of products on the basis of binders, mortars and concrete.....267
References.....268
CHAPTER 9. Materials and products made of wood.....270
9.1. General informations.....270
9.2. Structure and basic properties of wood.....273
9.2.1. Wood structure and classification.....273
9.2.2. Basic properties of wood.....276
9.3. Methods of wood decoration.....279
9.4. The main types of materials from wood waste and its recycling.....285
9.5. Wooden products in the environment design.....297
9.5.1. Landscaping.....297
9.5.2. Exterior design.....302
9.5.3. Interior design.....311
9.6. Generalized characteristic of wood-based products.....322
References.....323
CHAPTER 10. Polymer materials.....325
10.1. Classification and general characteristics of polymer substances and materials on their basis.....328
10.2. Basic properties and features of polymeric production.....333
10.3. Modern polymer materials and products.....336
10.4. Polymer products and structures in the design of architectural environment.....345
10.4.1. Landscaping.....345
10.4.2. Exterior design.....349
10.4.3. Interior design.....353
10.5. Generalized characteristic of products based on polymeric materials.....367
References.....368
CHAPTER 11. Innovative materials and products.....369
11.1. Recycled materials.....371
11.2. "Old-new" natural materials.....392
11.3. Nanomaterials.....401
References.....409
CHAPTER 12. Building materials used in the conservation, renovation, reconstruction and restoration of historic buildings.....411
12.1. Materials used in the conservation and renovation of monuments.....411
12.1.1. Conservation and renovation of historic wooden buildings.....411
12.1.2. Conservation and renovation of historic stone buildings.....419
12.1.3. Conservation and renovation of historic ceramic buildings.....422
12.2. Materials used in reconstruction and restoration.....428
12.2.1. Reconstruction and restoration of historic wooden buildings.....428
12.2.2. Reconstruction and restoration of historic stone objects.....434
12.2.3. Reconstruction and restoration of architectural detail.....434
References.....439
CHAPTER 13. New trends and features of building materials usage with regard to the development of the main directions of improving the architectural and building systems.....440
13.1. Prefabricated large-panel systems.....440
13.2. Prefabricated framework systems.....448
13.3. Modular cell systems.....455
13.4. Block systems 460
13.5. Monolithic systems.....464
References.....470
Biographies of the authors.....473